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Frances Farmer
Frances Elena Farmer (September 19, 1913 – August 1, 1970) was an American actress and television host. She is perhaps better known for sensationalized accounts of her life, especially her involuntary commitment to a mental hospital.〔 Farmer was the subject of two films,〔〔 one television special,〔 three books, and numerous songs and magazine articles.
==Early life==
Farmer was born in Seattle, Washington, the daughter of Lillian (née Van Ornum 1873-1955)〔(Frances Farmer: The Life and Films of a Troubled Star ) accessed 5/23/2015〕 and Ernest Melvin Farmer. In 1931, while attending West Seattle High School, she entered and won $100 from The Scholastic Art & Writing Awards, a writing contest sponsored by ''Scholastic Magazine'', with her controversial essay "God Dies".〔(God Dies: An Essay by Frances Farmer )〕 It was a precocious attempt to reconcile her wish for, in her words, a "superfather" God, with her observations of a chaotic and godless world. In her autobiography, she wrote that the essay was influenced by her reading of Friedrich Nietzsche: "He expressed the same doubts, only he said it in German: 'Gott ist tot.' God is dead. This I could understand. I was not to assume that there was no God, but I could find no evidence in my life that He existed or that He had ever shown any particular interest in me. I was not an atheist, but I was surely an agnostic, and by the time I was sixteen I was well indoctrinated into this theory."〔Farmer, Frances. ''Will There Really Be a Morning?'' London: Fontana, 1983, p. 159. ISBN 0-00-636526-4〕
Although her father was a prominent lawyer, Farmer displayed independence through her work roles as an usherette in a cinema, a waitress, a tutor, and a factory worker. Farmer used the money earned from such employment to pay for her university fees, before winning a popularity contest that rewarded her with a trip to Europe. In 1935, as a student at the University of Washington, Farmer won a subscription contest for the leftist newspaper, ''The Voice of Action''. The first prize was a trip to the Soviet Union—Farmer accepted the prize, despite her mother's strong objections, so that she could see the pioneering Moscow Art Theatre. Farmer's interest in such topics fostered speculations that Farmer was not only an atheist, but a Communist as well.〔Shelley 2010 p.8〕
Farmer proceeded to study drama at the University of Washington and, during the 1930s, the university's drama department productions were considered citywide cultural events and were frequented accordingly. While a student at UW, Farmer starred in numerous plays, including ''Helen of Troy'', ''Everyman'', and ''Uncle Vanya''. In late 1934, she starred in the UW production of ''Alien Corn''.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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